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Articles of Incorporation of the Internet Law & Policy Forum
The undersigned, in order to form a nonprofit corporation under
the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act, Chapter 24.03 of
the Revised Code of Washington, hereby executes the following
Articles of Incorporation:
ARTICLE 1. NAME
The name of this corporation is Internet Law & Policy Forum
Development.
ARTICLE 2. DURATION
The duration of the corporation shall be perpetual.
ARTICLE 3. PURPOSES AND POWERS
3.1 Purposes
This corporation is organized for the following purposes:
(a) To serve as the preliminary organization for the formation
of an international, non governmental organization dedicated to
the development of Internet law and policy to foster the growth
of Internet business communications and electronic commerce.
(b) To engage in any business, trade or activity which may lawfully
be conducted by a corporation organized under the Washington Nonprofit
Corporation Act.
This corporation shall have the authority to engage in any and
all such activities as are incidental or conducive to the attainment
of the foregoing purpose or purposes of this corporation and to
exercise any and all powers authorized or permitted under any
laws that may be now or hereafter applicable or available to this
corporation.
3.2 Limitations
3.2.1 Nonprofit Status
The corporation shall not have or issue shares of stock. The corporation
is not organized for profit, and no part of its net earnings shall
inure to the benefit of any Director or officer of the corporation,
except that the corporation shall be authorized and empowered
to pay reasonable compensation to its Directors or officers for
services rendered, and to make payments and distributions in furtherance
of the purposes of the corporation and subject to the limitations
of Section 3.2.2.
3.2.2 Distributions; Dissolution
No Director or officer of the corporation shall be entitled to
share in the distribution of any of the corporate assets upon
dissolution of the corporation or the winding up of its affairs.
Upon such dissolution or winding up, after paying or making adequate
provision for the payment of all of the liabilities of the corporation,
all the remaining assets of the corporation shall be distributed
by the Board of Directors in accordance with a plan of distribution
approved by the Board of Directors for a purpose or purposes similar
to those set forth in Section 3.1 hereof. Any such
assets not so disposed of shall be disposed of by the Superior
Court of King County, Washington, exclusively for a purpose or
purposes similar to those set forth in Section 3.1 hereof,
or to such organization or organizations as said Court shall determine,
which are organized and operated for similar purposes.
ARTICLE 4. BYLAWS
The Board of Directors shall have the power to adopt, amend, or
repeal the Bylaws of the corporation.
ARTICLE 5. DIRECTORS
5.1 Number
The number of Directors of the corporation shall be determined
in the manner provided by the Bylaws and may be increased or decreased
from time to time in the manner provided therein.
5.2 Initial Directors
The number of Directors constituting the initial Board of Directors
shall be eight. The names and addresses of the persons who are
to serve as the initial Directors are as follows:
Ms. Lyn Brown
Government Affairs Senior Advisor
Telus Corporation
32F, 10020-100 Street
Edmonton, AB T5J 0N5 Canada
Tel: (1) 403 498 7328
Fax: (1) 403 498 7322 lyn.brown.@telus.com
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Mr. Andrew Konstantaras
Counsel, Visa International
900 Metro Center Blvd.
Foster City, CA 94404 USA
Tel: (1) 415 432 8066
konsta@aol.com or konsta@visa.com
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Mr. Andreas Goeckel
Deutsche Telekom
Postfach 2000 D-53105
Bonn, Germany
Tel: (49) 228 18 7328
Fax: (49) 228 181 7396 goeckel@nic.dtdag.de
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Mr. John Montjoy
Senior Vice President/General Counsel BBN Corporation
150 Cambridge Park Drive
Cambridge, MA 02140 USA
Tel: (1) 617 873 3480
Fax: (1) 617 873 5011
montjoy@bbn.com
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Mr. Peter Harter
Public Policy Counsel
Netscape Communications Corporation 501 East Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
Tel: (1) 415 937 3719
Fax: (1) 415 528 4123 pfh@netscape.com
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Mr. Vincent Polley
General Counsel, OMNES
5599 San Felipe, Suite 400
Houston, TX 77056-2720 USA
Tel: (1) 713 513 3108
Fax: (1) 713 513 3200 polley@houston.omnes.net
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Ms. Janet Henderson
British Telecom
Room 527, Holborn Center
120 Holborn
London, UK EC1 N2TE
Tel: (44) 171 492 2288
Fax: (44) 171 492 2710
janet.henderson@btinternet.com
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Mr. Tony Rutkowski
Vice President - Internet Development General Magic
13102 Weathervane Way
Herndon, VA 22071 USA
Tel: (1) 703 471 0593
Fax: (1) 703 471 0596 tony@genmagic.com
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ARTICLE 6. MEMBERS
The corporation shall have members. Membership classes, the manner
of election or appointment of members, and the qualifications
and rights of each class of members shall be as established in
the Bylaws of the corporation.
ARTICLE 7. LIMITATION OF DIRECTOR LIABILITY
To the full extent that the Washington Nonprofit Corporation Act,
as it exists on the date hereof or may hereafter be amended, permits
the limitation or elimination of the liability of Directors, a
Director of this corporation shall not be liable to this corporation
or its members for monetary damages for conduct as a Director.
Any amendments to or repeal of this Article 7 shall not
adversely affect any right or protection of a Director of this
corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions of such
Director occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.
ARTICLE 8. INDEMNIFICATION
8.1 Right to Indemnification
Each person who was, is or is threatened to be made a named party
to or is otherwise involved (including, without limitation, as
a witness) in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit
or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative
and whether formal or informal (hereinafter a "proceeding"),
by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a Director or officer
of the corporation or, that being or having been such a Director
or officer or an employee of the corporation, he or she is or
was serving at the request of the corporation as a Director, officer,
partner, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan
or other enterprise (hereinafter an "indemnitee"), whether
the basis of a proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity
as such a Director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or agent
or in any other capacity while serving as such a Director, officer,
partner, trustee, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and
held harmless by the corporation against all expense, liability
and loss (including counsel fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes or penalties and amounts to be paid in settlement) actually
and reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection
therewith, and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee
who has ceased to be a Director, officer, partner, trustee, employee
or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs,
executors and administrators. Except as provided in subsection
8.4 of this Section with respect to proceedings seeking to enforce
rights to indemnification, the corporation shall indemnify any
such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such indemnitee only if a proceeding (or part thereof)
was authorized or ratified by the Board. The right to indemnification
conferred in this Section shall be a contract right.
8.2 Restrictions on Indemnification
No indemnification shall be provided to any such indemnitee for
acts or omissions of the indemnitee finally adjudged to be intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law, for conduct of the indemnitee
finally adjudged to be in violation of Section 23B.08.310 of the
Washington Business Corporation Act, for any transaction with
respect to which it was finally adjudged that such indemnitee
personally received a benefit in money, property or services to
which the indemnitee was not legally entitled or if the corporation
is otherwise prohibited by applicable law from paying such indemnification,
except that if Section 23B.08.560 or any successor provision of
the Washington Business Corporation Act is hereafter amended,
the restrictions on indemnification set forth in this subsection
8.2 shall be as set forth in such amended statutory provision.
8.3 Advancement of Expenses
The right to indemnification conferred in this Section shall include
the right to be paid by the corporation the expenses incurred
in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition
(hereinafter an "advancement of expenses"). An advancement
of expenses shall be made upon delivery to the corporation of
an undertaking (hereinafter an "undertaking"), by or
on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced
if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision
from which there is no further right to appeal that such indemnitee
is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this
subsection 8.3.
8.4 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit
If a claim under subsection 8.1 or 8.3 of this Section is not
paid in full by the corporation within 60 days after a written
claim has been received by the corporation, except in the case
of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable
period shall be 20 days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter
bring suit against the corporation to recover the unpaid amount
of the claim. If successful in whole or in part, in any such
suit or in a suit brought by the corporation to recover an advancement
of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee
shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or
defending such suit. The indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled
to indemnification under this Section upon submission of a written
claim (and, in an action brought to enforce a claim for an advancement
of expenses, where the required undertaking has been tendered
to the corporation) and thereafter the corporation shall have
the burden of proof to overcome the presumption that the indemnitee
is so entitled.
8.5 Procedures Exclusive
Pursuant to Section 23B.08.560(2) or any successor provision of
the Washington Business Corporation Act, the procedures for indemnification
and advancement of expenses set forth in this Section are in lieu
of the procedures required by Section 23B.08.550 or any successor
provision of the Washington Business Corporation Act.
8.6 Nonexclusivity of Rights
The right to indemnification and the advancement of expenses conferred
in this Section shall not be exclusive of any other right which
any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision
of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation,
general or specific action of the Board, contract or otherwise.
8.7 Insurance, Contracts and Funding
The corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect
itself and any Director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or
agent of the corporation or another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense,
liability or loss, whether or not the corporation would have the
power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability
or loss under the Washington Business Corporation Act. The corporation
may enter into contracts with any Director, officer, partner,
trustee, employee or agent of the corporation in furtherance of
the provisions of this Section and may create a trust fund, grant
a security interest or use other means (including, without limitation,
a letter of credit) to ensure the payment of such amounts as may
be necessary to effect indemnification as provided in this Section.
8.8 Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation
The corporation may, by action of the Board, grant rights to indemnification
and advancement of expenses to employees and agents or any class
or group of employees and agents of the corporation (i) with the
same scope and effect as the provisions of this Section with respect
to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of Directors
and officers of the corporation; (ii) pursuant to rights granted
pursuant to, or provided by, the Washington Business Corporation
Act; or (iii) as are otherwise consistent with law.
8.9 Persons Serving Other Entities
Any person who, while a Director, officer or employee of the corporation,
is or was serving (a) as a Director or officer of another foreign
or domestic corporation of which a majority of the shares entitled
to vote in the election of its Directors is held by the corporation
or (b) as a partner, trustee or otherwise in an executive or management
capacity in a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise
of which the corporation or a wholly owned subsidiary of the corporation
is a general partner or has a majority ownership shall be deemed
to be so serving at the request of the corporation and entitled
to indemnification and advancement of expenses under subsections
8.1 and 8.3 of this Section.
ARTICLE 9. REGISTERED OFFICE AND REGISTERED AGENT
The address of the initial registered office of this corporation
is 1201 Third Avenue, 40th Floor, Seattle, WA 98101-3099, and
the name of its initial registered agent at such address is Lawco
of Washington, Inc.
ARTICLE 10. AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
The corporation reserves the right to amend or repeal any of the
provisions contained in these Articles of Incorporation in any
manner now or hereafter permitted by law.
ARTICLE 11. INCORPORATOR
The name and address of the incorporator of the corporation are
as follows:
Albert Gidari
Perkins Coie
1201 Third Avenue, 40th Floor
Seattle, Washington, USA 98101-3099
DATED: December 17, 1996.
Albert Gidari
CONSENT TO APPOINTMENT AS REGISTERED AGENT
Lawco of Washington, Inc. hereby consents to serve as registered
agent in the state of Washington for the following corporation:
Internet Law & Policy Forum Development
Lawco of Washington, Inc. understands that as agent for the corporation,
it will be its responsibility to accept service of process in
the name of the corporation, to forward all mail and license renewals
to the appropriate officer(s) of the corporation, and to notify
the Office of the Secretary of State immediately of its resignation
or of any changes in the address of the registered office of the
corporation for which it is agent.
Dated: December 17, 1996.
LAWCO OF WASHINGTON, INC.
By___________________________
Carolyn J. Mouton,
Its Vice President
Lawco of Washington, Inc.
1201 Third Avenue, 40th Floor
Seattle, Washington 98101-3099
(Name and Address of Registered Agent)
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